PHYSIOHEALER.

LUMBAR SPINE COMPLICATIONS.

So,if lumbar spine gets affected it results in severe complications of the spine.

1.Spinal Stenosis:

This condition causes pain through narrowing of the spinal canal where the nerve roots are located.The narrowing can be central,forminal, or both,and can be at a single level or multiple levels in the lower back.

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2.Spondylolisthesis:

This condition occurs when one vertebra slips over the adjacent one.

Most common type of spondylolisthesis is:

*Secondary to a defect or fracture of the pars (between the facet joints) or mechanical instability of the facet joints (degenerative),pain can be caused by instability (back) or compression of the nerves(leg).

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3.Deformity:

Curvature of the spine can include scoliosis or kyphosis.So,deformity may be associated with lower back pain if it leads to the breakdown of the discs,facet joints, sacroiliac joints or stenosis.

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4.Osteoarthritis:

This condition results from wear and tear of the disc and facet joints.It causes pain,inflammation,instability and stenosis to a variable degree, and can occur at a single level or multiple levels of the lower spine.Spinal osteoarthritis is associated with aging and is slowly progressive referred as spondylosis or degenerative joint disease.

**Healthy Spine Vs Osteoarthritic Spine**

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Animal Rights.

In my opinion,I am against animal slaughtering although I am a religious minded person as our religion allow us to slaughter animals for God’s sake but in my heart,deep down I can’t keep it to myself because I can’t see the pain an animal is going through if it is to be slaughter,that’s why I want Animal rights in my country Pakistan,I don’t care if anyone agree with me because everyone has an opinion to share,That’s why I want rights for animals because if they can’t speak for themselves we can speak for them.

LUMBAR HERNIATED DISC.

Low back injury can cause herniated disc problems,which causes numbness and pain throughout the human body.

*The jelly-like substance of a lumbar disc can break through the tough outer layer and irritates nerve root.The herniated portion of the disc is full of proteins that cause inflammation when they reach a nerve root,and inflammation as well as nerve compression,cause nerve root pain.It is also richly supplied by nerve fibers,and a tear through the wall can cause severe pain.

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Degenerative Disc Disease:

At birth,intervertebral discs are full of water and at their healthiest.As with old age,discs lose hydration and wear down.So,disc loses hydration, it transfers force to the disc wall that may develop tears and cause pain or weakening that can lead to herniation.As,a result disc can also collapse and contribute to stenosis.

Symptoms:

It includes the following symptoms:

1.Sciatica:

It is a sharp,shooting pain that extends from the buttock down the back of one leg.It is caused by pressure on the spinal nerve.

*Numbness or a tingling sensation in the leg or foot.
*Weakness in the leg or foot.

2.Loss of Bladder or Bowel:

This is extremely rare and may indicate a more serious problem called cauda equina syndrome(horse tail)as this condition is caused by the spinal nerve roots being compressed.It requires immediate treatment.

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Treatment:

Physical therapy plays major role in lumbar herniated disc injury.

1.Physical therapy, exercise and gentle stretching to help relieve pressure on the nerve root.

2.Ice massage,heat therapy and manual therapy for pain relief.

3.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen,naproxen or COX-2 inhibitors for pain relief.

**SURGERY PRESCRIBED FOR HERNIATED DISC**

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MUSCLE STRAIN.

Due to Low back injury,muscle strains occur:

A low back sprain or strain can happen suddenly,or can develop slowly over time from repetitive movements.

COMPARISON BETWEEN MUSCLE STRAIN AND SPRAIN:

*Strains occur when a muscle is stretched too far and tears,damaging the muscle itself.
*Sprains happen when over-stretching and tearing affects ligaments, which connect the bones together.

~Common causes of sprain and strain include:

*Lifting a heavy object,or twisting the spine while lifting
*Sudden movements that place too much stress on the low back,such as a fall.
*Poor posture over time
Sports injuries,especially in sports that involve twisting or large forces of impact.
While sprains and strains do not sound serious and do not typically cause long-lasting pain,the acute pain can be quite severe.

TREATMENT FOR MUSCLE STRAIN:

Following are the treatment options to treat your muscle strain:

1.Cold therapy:

It means apply ice 20 mins every hour.

2.Compression:

It can be apply by gentle elastic bandage.

3.Massage:

Massage the affected area gently.

4.Heat therapy:

It can be effective method as it increases blood flow and improved circulation helps with muscular spasms throughout the body.

5.Physical therapy:

In this we do RICE which means Rest,Ice,Compression and Elevation.

6.Pain medication:

Pain killers are effective for sometime but physical therapy is more effective.

**DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FOR MUSCLE STRAIN**.

By,this treatment options we can help regain muscle elasticity and blood flow can be normal.

LOW BACK PAIN.

Low back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of body tightness and muscle imbalance, affecting performance at work and general well-being.It can be due to multiple reasons and affects people of all ages,from children to the elderly,as it is a very frequent reason for consultations.The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that low back pain is among the top 10 diseases and injuries that account for the highest number of Disability Adjusted Life Years worldwide.

OVERVIEW:

The lumbar region of the spine commonly known as the lower back, consists of five vertebrae called as L1 through L5.The lumbar region is situated between the thoracic or chest,region of the spine, and the sacrum.The lumbar spine typically has a slight inward curve known as lordosis.

ANATOMY OF LUMBAR SPINE:

Lumbar spine is the lower back that begins below the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and ends at the top of the sacral spine,or sacrum (S1). Most people have 5 lumbar levels (L1-L5),each lumbar spinal level is numbered from top to bottom i.e:L1 through L5,or L6.

The low back vertebral bodies are larger,thicker in size like structures of dense bone.From the anterior side,the vertebral body appears rounded.However,the posterior bony structure is different i.e:1.Lamina 2.Pedicles 3.Bony processes project off the back of the vertebral body.

These processes and vertebral arches create the hollow spinal canal for lumbar nerves structures and the cauda equina(horse tail).